Spatial–Temporal Analysis of a Summer Heat Wave Associated with Downslope Flows in Southern Brazil: Implications in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

This study investigates a summer heat wave (HW) associated with downslope winds (DWs) affecting the central region of state Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The temporal evolution both phenomena is analyzed in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using combination micrometeorological and rawinsonde data. For spatial characterization, ERA-5 reanalysis data are used. HW covered large area southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay. main features were locally enhanced RS by development DWs. establishment DWs near surface depends on dynamics ABL local topographic features. results showed that occurred during contributed to extreme temperatures strong northerly winds, low relative humidity, drop dew points. Together, these events influenced turbulent mean flow patterns ABL. increase activity warming favored growth morning ABL, while at night simultaneous effects radiative turbulence cooling inhibited formation stable analysis highlights complex interplay synoptic factors HW.